We Use BUNTUS
in research which Stands for

  • Built-up Area

  • Night Time Light

  • Travel Time Distance

  • for Urban Size

Introduction

BUNTUS (Built-up, Nighttime Light, and Travel time for Urban Size) uses remote sensing techniques to delineate urban boundaries. The BUNTUS algorithm is part of a larger study of the role of urbanisation in changing fossil fuel emissions. The method combines estimates of land cover, nighttime lights, and travel times to classify contiguous urban areas. The method is automatic, global and uses data sets with enough duration to establish trends. Thus, this approach is capable of describing spatial distributions and giving detailed information of urban extents. We demonstrate the method with examples from Brisbane, Australia, Melbourne, Australia, and Beijing, China. The new method meets the criteria for studying overall trends in urban emissions. However, considering our definition of the urban area, BUNTUS boundaries can be used for other kinds of urban studies and trends.

Resolution: BUNTUS provides the Urban boundaries on annual scale (from 1998 to 2018) at the spatial resolution of 30 meters.

Urban Boundaries:

Initially we are providing the urban boundaries of three cities. Gradually we will add the new boundaries and the target is the development of 100 cities boundaries.

  • Brisbane
  • Melbourne
  • Beijing

Data use policy & Citations

Information on this website may be used for non-commercial purpose without restriction. We kindly ask you to acknowledge, cite and/or reference the BUNTUS data product in an appropriate way.
Read More About BUNTUS & Download Data

Peter Rayner

Professor, School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne.


Prof Rayner's main research activities focus on the estimation of surface sources and sinks of CO2. He uses satellite and in-situ measurements with models to quantify and understand the patterns and mechanisms of CO2 release and uptake with a focus on the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. In 2002, Prof Rayner was awarded the Priestley Medal of the Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, the major research award in this field within Australia.

Kevin Gurney

Professor, School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University.


Kevin Gurney is an atmospheric scientist, ecologist and policy expert currently working in the areas of carbon cycle science, climate science, and climate science policy. His recent work involves simulation of the global carbon cycle using the inverse approach, characterizing fossil fuel CO2 in North America (the "Vulcan" and "Hestia" projects), the linkages between terrestrial carbon exchange and climate variability, and deforestation and carbon/climate feedbacks.

Muhammad Luqman

PhD Student, School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne


Muhammad Luqman's research interests involve the study of agriculture, environment, cities, climate change, disaster management and natural resource management. His efforts have primarily focused on developing GIS and remote sensing based algorithms and models to analyse spatiotemporal patterns and forecasts. He have both academic and industry experience working with big geospatial data frameworks, database design, machine learning based image processing, and deep learning concepts.

Some examples of our work

Get in touch with BUNTUS team

Considering urban related analysis? Considering generating urban boundaries? We are happy to provide the data, to collaborate in research and generating the urban boundaries for your research.

  • mluqman@student.unimelb.edu.au

  • prayner@unimelb.edu.au

  • kevin.gurney@nau.edu